Back to January 2014 Newsletter

Growing Garlic in Quebec

Quebec garlic is a rare commodity. The most recent surveys indicate that Quebec only produces between 3-10% of the garlic it consumes. The rest comes mainly from China and, to a lesser extent, the United States, Mexico, Argentina and Europe. Since local garlic really does taste better, less is more! It also generally stores longer than the imported garlic transported in refrigerators – a process that has the effect of triggering germination sooner after it arrives.

Since the late '80s, garlic from China has flooded the market with unbeatable prices. Many farmers in Quebec (and elsewhere in Canada) have therefore ceased to grow garlic, with the result that China now produces 82 % of global garlic. Despite higher prices, demand for local garlic has been on the increase as the Quebecois have realized the distance their garlic is traveling. But growing garlic locally to meet demand presents some challenges. The plant can be susceptible to disease (nematodes in particular are a problem), and diversity of varieties is lacking. Currently, only 1 variety dominates the local market: Music. Other heirloom varieties can be difficult to source.

The Seeds of Diversity Seed heritage database lists 254 different garlic varieties, some endangered, others more commonly grown. Growing these varieties would create a richer genetic diversity and give us more options to in dealing with diseases, pests and changing climate conditions.

Another avenue has also been considered in Quebec to promote local garlic. In November, the Ail Quebec (Quebec Garlic) agency was created through the initiative of a dozen people. Its mandate is the promotion of Quebec garlic to consumers while providing members with the tools necessary for production. Through communication, information and education, this organization helps promote seed quality and strong production methods amongst its membership.

If you’re a garlic buff, mark your calendars for the Day of Garlic to be held September 13, 2014 at the Montreal Botanical Gardens.

Back to January 2014 Newsletter